There are several approaches organisations can consider enabling them to modernise their applications. Below we will explore some of the most common approaches:

• Refactoring: Refactoring involves reorganising or restructuring the codebase of an existing application to make it more maintainable and scalable. This can involve redesigning the architecture of the application, refactoring the code to adhere to modern design principles, and updating the dependencies and libraries used by the application.
• Re-platforming: Re-platforming involves migrating an existing application to a new technology stack or platform. This can involve moving the application to the cloud, adopting a new programming language or framework, or switching to a different database or operating system.
• Rehosting: Rehosting involves moving an existing application to a new infrastructure without making any changes to the application itself. This can be useful for organisations that want to take advantage of the scalability and reliability offered by cloud platforms, or that need to upgrade their hardware or operating system.
• Replacing: Replacing involves building a new application from scratch to replace an existing one. This can be necessary if the existing application is too complex or outdated to modernise, or if the business requirements have changed significantly.
• Retiring: Retiring involves phasing out an existing application that is no longer needed or supported. This can involve migrating the data and functionality of the application to a new system, or simply decommissioning the application.

Each of these patterns has its own set of benefits and challenges, and the most appropriate approach will depend on the specific needs and goals of the organisation. It's important to carefully consider the trade-offs and resources required for each pattern, and to choose the approach that best aligns with the organisation's business objectives.